What Is Shirk ? (Part 2)
Greater and lesser shirk
Shirk is defined in various ways. Some argue that there is only one type of shirk.
The Islamic prophet Muhammad(PBUH) has classified shirk into two categories[1]:
Greater shirk (Shirk-e-Akbar): open and apparent
Lesser shirk (Shirk-e-Asghar): concealed or hidden
[edit] Greater Shirk
Greater shirk or Shirke-e-Akbar means open polytheism.
Muhammad(PBUH) describes major shirk in two forms[1]:
To associate anyone with Allah Taala as His part. (To believe in more than one god)
To associate Allah's attributes with someone else. (Attributing, considering, or portraying God's knowledge or might to being those of anyone else)
Other interpretions also derived from the Qur'an and the prophetic tradition (Sunnah) divide shirk into three main categories:
[edit] Shirk in Rubūbīyah (Lordship)
This category of Shirk refers to either the belief that others share God's Lordship over creation as His equal or near equal, or to the belief that there exists no Lord over creation at all.
Shirk by association: This is the shirk concerned with associating 'others' with Allah.
Shirk by negation: This is Shirk in Rubūbīyah (Lordship)
[edit] Shirk in al-Asma was-Sifat (the Names and Attributes)
Shirk in this category includes both the non-believer practices of giving God the attributes of His creation as well as the act of giving created beings God's names and attributes.
Shirk by humanization: In this aspect of Shirk in al-Asma was-Sifat, God is given the form and qualities of human beings and animals. Due to man's superiority over animals, the human form is more commonly used by idolaters to represent God in creation. Consequently, the image of the Creator is often painted, moulded or carved in the shape of human beings possessing the physical features of those who worship them.
Shirk by deification: This form of Shirk in al-Asma was Sifat relates to cases where created beings or things are given or claim God's names or His attributes. For example, it was the practice of the ancient Arabs to worship idols whose names were derived from the names of God. Their main three idols were: al-Lat taken from God's name al-Elah, al-'Uzza taken from al-'Aziz, and al-Manat taken from al-Mannan. During the era of Muhammad(PBUH) there was also a man in a region of Arabia called Yamamah, who claimed to be a prophet and took the name Rahman which, in Islam, belongs only to God.
[edit] Shirk In al-'Ibadah (Worship)
Further information: Opposition to Tawassul
In this category of Shirk, acts of worship are directed to other than Allah and the reward for worship is sought from the creation instead of the Creator. As in the case of the previous categories, Shirk in al-'Ebadah has two main aspects.
This form of Shirk occurs when any act of worship is directed to other than Allah. It represents the most obvious form of idolatry which the prophets were specifically sent by God to call the masses of mankind away from. Examples of this shirk, asking forgiveness, admittance to paradise, and other things that only Allah can provide, from other than Allah.
[edit] Lesser Shirk
Lesser shirk or Shirke-e-Asghar means hidden polytheism.
A person commits hidden polytheism when he says tawhid, there is no god except Allah, but his thoughts and action does not reflect his belief.[1]
Lesser shirk fundamentally stems from an underestimation of God. This intellectual defect leads to pride, arrogance, and self-delusion.[7]
Muhammad(PBUH) said[1]
"One who offers the ritual prayers in an ostentatious way is a polytheist. One who keeps the fast, or gives alms, or performs the Hajj to show the public his righteousness or to earn good name is a polytheist"
Other accounts
"Mahmud ibn Lubayd reported, "God's messenger said: "The thing I fear for you the most is ash-Shirk al-Asghar."
The companions asked "Oh! messenger of God, what is that?"
He replied "Ar-Riya (showing off), for verily God will say on the Day of Resurrection when people are receiving their rewards, 'Go to those for whom you were showing off in the material world and see if you can find any reward from them."
"Mahmud ibn Lubayd also said, "The Prophet came out and announced, 'O people, beware of secret Shirk!'
The people asked, 'O messenger of God, what is secret Shirk?'
He replied, 'When a man gets up to pray and strives to beautify his prayer because people are looking at him; that is secret Shirk."
In Wahabbi Islam
Swearing by other than Allah is considered lesser shirk, unless the one who swore believes that whomever sworn by is even with Allah's worth.[8] [9]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Shirk is defined in various ways. Some argue that there is only one type of shirk.
The Islamic prophet Muhammad(PBUH) has classified shirk into two categories[1]:
Greater shirk (Shirk-e-Akbar): open and apparent
Lesser shirk (Shirk-e-Asghar): concealed or hidden
[edit] Greater Shirk
Greater shirk or Shirke-e-Akbar means open polytheism.
Muhammad(PBUH) describes major shirk in two forms[1]:
To associate anyone with Allah Taala as His part. (To believe in more than one god)
To associate Allah's attributes with someone else. (Attributing, considering, or portraying God's knowledge or might to being those of anyone else)
Other interpretions also derived from the Qur'an and the prophetic tradition (Sunnah) divide shirk into three main categories:
[edit] Shirk in Rubūbīyah (Lordship)
This category of Shirk refers to either the belief that others share God's Lordship over creation as His equal or near equal, or to the belief that there exists no Lord over creation at all.
Shirk by association: This is the shirk concerned with associating 'others' with Allah.
Shirk by negation: This is Shirk in Rubūbīyah (Lordship)
[edit] Shirk in al-Asma was-Sifat (the Names and Attributes)
Shirk in this category includes both the non-believer practices of giving God the attributes of His creation as well as the act of giving created beings God's names and attributes.
Shirk by humanization: In this aspect of Shirk in al-Asma was-Sifat, God is given the form and qualities of human beings and animals. Due to man's superiority over animals, the human form is more commonly used by idolaters to represent God in creation. Consequently, the image of the Creator is often painted, moulded or carved in the shape of human beings possessing the physical features of those who worship them.
Shirk by deification: This form of Shirk in al-Asma was Sifat relates to cases where created beings or things are given or claim God's names or His attributes. For example, it was the practice of the ancient Arabs to worship idols whose names were derived from the names of God. Their main three idols were: al-Lat taken from God's name al-Elah, al-'Uzza taken from al-'Aziz, and al-Manat taken from al-Mannan. During the era of Muhammad(PBUH) there was also a man in a region of Arabia called Yamamah, who claimed to be a prophet and took the name Rahman which, in Islam, belongs only to God.
[edit] Shirk In al-'Ibadah (Worship)
Further information: Opposition to Tawassul
In this category of Shirk, acts of worship are directed to other than Allah and the reward for worship is sought from the creation instead of the Creator. As in the case of the previous categories, Shirk in al-'Ebadah has two main aspects.
This form of Shirk occurs when any act of worship is directed to other than Allah. It represents the most obvious form of idolatry which the prophets were specifically sent by God to call the masses of mankind away from. Examples of this shirk, asking forgiveness, admittance to paradise, and other things that only Allah can provide, from other than Allah.
[edit] Lesser Shirk
Lesser shirk or Shirke-e-Asghar means hidden polytheism.
A person commits hidden polytheism when he says tawhid, there is no god except Allah, but his thoughts and action does not reflect his belief.[1]
Lesser shirk fundamentally stems from an underestimation of God. This intellectual defect leads to pride, arrogance, and self-delusion.[7]
Muhammad(PBUH) said[1]
"One who offers the ritual prayers in an ostentatious way is a polytheist. One who keeps the fast, or gives alms, or performs the Hajj to show the public his righteousness or to earn good name is a polytheist"
Other accounts
"Mahmud ibn Lubayd reported, "God's messenger said: "The thing I fear for you the most is ash-Shirk al-Asghar."
The companions asked "Oh! messenger of God, what is that?"
He replied "Ar-Riya (showing off), for verily God will say on the Day of Resurrection when people are receiving their rewards, 'Go to those for whom you were showing off in the material world and see if you can find any reward from them."
"Mahmud ibn Lubayd also said, "The Prophet came out and announced, 'O people, beware of secret Shirk!'
The people asked, 'O messenger of God, what is secret Shirk?'
He replied, 'When a man gets up to pray and strives to beautify his prayer because people are looking at him; that is secret Shirk."
In Wahabbi Islam
Swearing by other than Allah is considered lesser shirk, unless the one who swore believes that whomever sworn by is even with Allah's worth.[8] [9]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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